Human Right and justice in Islam

Islam provides many human right for the individual, the following are some of these human right that Islam protects.The life and property of all citizens in an Islamic state are considered sacred, whether a person is Muslim or not. 

Islam also protects honor. So, in Islam, insulting others or making fun of them is not allowed.The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "Truly your blood, your property, and your honor are inviolable."

Racism is not allowed in Islam, for the Qur'an speaks of human equality in the following terms:" O mankind, We have created you from a male and a female and have made you into nations and tribes for you to know one another.  Truly, the noblest of you with God is the most pious.  Truly, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware. " (Quran, 49:13)

Islam rejects certain individuals or nations being favored because of their wealth, power, or race.  God created human beings as equals who are to be distinguished from each other only on the basis of their faith and piety. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:

"O people!  Your God is one and your forefather (Adam) is one.  An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-Arab is not better than an Arab, and a red (i.e. white tinged with red) person is not better than a black person and a black person is not better than a red person, except in piety."

One of the major problems facing mankind today is racism. The developed world can send a man to the moon but cannot stop man from hating and fighting his fellow man. Ever since the days of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Islam has provided a vivid example of how racism can be ended. The annual pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca shows the real Islamic brotherhood of all races and nations, when about two million Muslims from all over the world come to Mecca to perform the pilgrimage.

Islam is a religion of justice. God has said:" Truly God commands you to give back trusts to those to whom they are due, and when you judge between people, to judge with justice.... " (Qur'an, 4:58)

And He has said:" ...And act justly.  Truly, God loves those who are just. " (Quran, 49:9)

We should even be just with those who we hate, as God has said:"...And let not the hatred of others make you avoid justice.  Be just: that is nearer to piety.... " (Quran, 5:8)

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "People, beware of injustice, for injustice shall be darkness on the Day of Judgment."

And those who have not gotten their rights (i.e. what they have a just claim to) in this life will receive them on the Day of Judgment, as the Prophet (PBUH) said: "On the Day of Judgment, rights will be given to those to whom they are due (and wrongs will be redressed)..."

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Islamic Institution Explain About Marriage

Marriage, according to Islam, is the fundamental institution which aims at establishing the family, the first unit of society. Thus marriage is a sacred institution tha must be protected from any harm. Marriage in Islam partly aims at the multiplication of human race. Psychologists and sociologists agree that the best environment for the growth of child in his familiy. That is why Islam encourages marriage and protects family againts all forms of corruption in order to develop the psychological health of men, women and children. Without marriage, there would be no family; without the family, there will be no psychological-balanced human life for adult or for children.

Picture by Kawan Imut

When a man plans to marry a certain woman, he makes a proposal of marriage to her or to her parents or he guardian. In the meantime, no man else can propose to the same woman, until the first man withdraws his proposal or is rejected. The reason here is to avoid any enmity caused by quarrelling over marrying a certain woman.  

In Islam marriage should be based on the consent of both side; husband and wife. The husband gives  the wife a dowry specified in the marriage contract and this dowry  is paid to the wife at the time or contracting the marriage. The amount of the dowry in Islam depends on the financial ability of the husbnad and on the social position of the wife. In many cases, the dowry in the Islam is divided into two parts: an advance dowry and a deferred dowry.  The advance dowry is paid upon contracting marriage and the deferred dowry is paid upon the termination of the marriage whether by death or separation.

A dowry in Indonesian Muslim tradition: a Qur'an  and shalat equipments

A muslim is allowed to marry a non-Muslim woman who believes in revealed religion. Thus a Muslim is allowed  to marry a Christian or Jewish woman. However, a muslim woman is not allowed to get married to an non-Muslim man, because, being the leader of the family, the husband may render his muslim wife directly or indirectly a non- Muslim. Moreover,  a Muslim believes in the true Christianity and true Judaism, but a Christian or a Jew does not believe in Islam.

Men have the right to choose their wifes and women have right to choose their husbands. Of course a young girl might not have enough experience to choose the right man; therefore, the advice or her father or guardian has its justification. But no father or guardian has the right to force the girl to get married to a man whom she does not accept. In other words, in Islam, the consent of the woman to marry a certain man is essential.

It is due to the teaching of the Qur’an that the Prophet (PBUH) declared divorce to be the most hateful of permitted practices. Therefore, in spite of the facility with which divorce may be effected, it takes place only rarely among muslims, compared with the large number of divorces in non-Mulims societies. A true  Muslim faces the difficulties of married life and avoids the disruption of family relations as long as possible, turning to divorce only as last resort.

Not only must there be a good reason for divorce, but also all means to effect reconciliation must be exhausted before resorting to this extreme measure. The impression that a Muslim husband may divorce his wife for no good reason is a grave misunderstanding of the Islamic institution of divorce. The Qur’an refers to several reasons when divorce may become necessary, but it does not cite all them.

When either husband or wife find that it is impossible to continue living together, divorce must follow. It is not, of course, meant that every disagreement should result in divorce. In the Qur’an such disagreement si called “Shiqoq” (from the word syaqqo, meaning breaking into two) . The Qur’an says: “And if you fear a breach (shiqoq) between the two appoint a judge from his kin and a judge from her kin; if they both desire agreement, Allah will effect harmony between them.” (4:35)
A divorced woman or a widow in Islam must wait for a certain period before she gets married to another man. A divorced pregnant woman cannot get married before giving birth. One reason for the regulations is to avoid any confusion that may arise concerning the father of any probable embryo.

Biblical prophecis explain the advent of Muhammad (PBUH)

The Biblical prophecies on the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are evidence of the truth of Islam for people who believe in the Bible. In Deuteronomy 18, Moses stated that God told him:

 “I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers; I will put my words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I command him.  If anyone does not listen to my words that the prophet speaks in my name, I myself will call him to account.” (Deuteronomy 18:18-19).

From these verses we conclude that the prophet in this prophecy must have the following three characteristics:

1)  That he will be like Moses.
2)  That he will come from the brothers of the Israelites, i.e. the Ishmaelites.
3)  That God will put His words in to the mouth of this prophet and that he will declare what God commands him.
Let us examine these three characteristics in more depth:

1)  A prophet like Moses:

                               Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca around A. C. 570

There were hardly any two prophets who were so much alike as Moses and Muhammad (PBUH). Both were given a comprehensive law and code of life. Both encountered their enemies and were victorious in miraculous ways.  Both were accepted as prophets and statesmen.  Both migrated following conspiracies to assassinate them.  Analogies between Moses and Jesus overlook not only the above similarities but other crucial ones as well.  These include the natural birth, the family life, and death of Moses and Muhammad (PBUH) but not of Jesus.  Moreover Jesus was regarded by his followers as the Son of God and not exclusively as a prophet of God, as Moses and Muhammad (PBUH) were and as Muslims believe Jesus was.  So, this prophecy refers to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and not to Jesus, because Muhammad (PBUH) is more like Moses than Jesus.

Also, one notices from the Gospel of John that the Jews were waiting for the fulfillment of three distinct prophecies.  The first was the coming of Christ.  The second was the coming of Elijah.  The third was the coming of the Prophet.  This is obvious from the three questions that were posed to John the Baptist:

“Now this was John’s testimony, when the Jews of Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him who he was.  He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, “I am not the Christ.”  They asked him, “Then who are you?  Are you Elijah?”  He said, “I am not.”  “Are you the Prophet?”  He answered, “No.” (John 1:19-21).

If we look in a Bible with cross-references, we will find in the marginal notes where the words “the Prophet” occur in John 1:21, that these words refer to the prophecy of Deuteronomy 18:15 and 18:18.  We conclude from this that Jesus Christ is not the prophet mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:18.

2) From the brothers of the Israelites:
Abraham had two sons, Ishmael and Isaac (Genesis 21).  Ishmael became the grandfather of the Arab nation, and Isaac became the grandfather of the Jewish nation.  The prophet spoken of was not to come from among the Jews themselves, but from among their brothers, i.e. the Ishmaelites.  Muhammad (PBUH , a descendant of Ishmael, is indeed this prophet.
Also, Isaiah 42:1-13 speaks of the servant of God, His “chosen one” and “messenger” who will bring down a law.  “He will not falter or be discouraged till he establishes justice on earth.  In his law the islands will put their hope.” (Isaiah 42:4).  Verse 11, connects that awaited one with the descendants of Kedar.  Who is Kedar?  According to Genesis 25:13, Kedar was the second son of Ishmael, the ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

3) God will put His words in the mouth of this prophet:

The words of God (the Holy Quran) were truly put into Muhammad’s (PBUH) mouth.  God sent the Angel Gabriel to teach Muhammad(PBUH)  the exact words of God (the Holy Quran) and asked him to dictate them to the people as he heard them.  The words are therefore not his own.  They did not come from his own thoughts, but were put into his mouth by the Angel Gabriel.  During the life time of Muhammad (PBUH), and under his supervision, these words were then memorized and written by his companions.

Also, this prophecy in Deuteronomy mentioned that this prophet will speak the words of God in the name of God.  If we looked to the Holy Quran, we will find that all its chapters, except Chapter 9, are preceded or begin with the phrase, “In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.”

Another indication (other than the prophecy in Deuteronomy) is that Isaiah ties the messenger connected with Kedar with a new song (a scripture in a new language) to be sung to the Lord (Isaiah 42:10-11).  This is mentioned more clearly in the prophecy of Isaiah: “and another tongue, will he speak to this people” (Isaiah 28:11 KJV).  Another related point, is that the Quran was revealed in sections over a span of twenty-three years.  It is interesting to compare this with Isaiah 28 which speaks of the same thing, “For it is: Do and do, do and do, rule on rule, rule on rule; a little here, a little there.” (Isaiah 28:10).

Note that God has said in the prophecy of Deuteronomy 18, “If anyone does not listen to my words that the prophet speaks in my name, I myself will call him to account.” (Deuteronomy, 18:19).
This means that whoever believes in the Bible must believe in what this prophet says, and this prophet is the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

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The Causes of Second World War

In this opportunity i will explain the factors cause the second world war, as i know from my doctor. Every war in all times are caused by the greed of human into the other peoples or by political interest. Why do one tribe want to conquer the other tribes ?, it happened because the wrong urderstanding about the social law. Mostly leaders in the world believed that they have to conquer the other wealth for surviving. In other meaning, they followed the “the theory of social Darwin”, in this theory was said that man who have power have to conquer the other who have no power. So, all war for example first and second world war was caused by this theory. Surly we will find this causes in the second world war to.

                                                    Adolf Hitler, smart but careless

At many historical books we mostly find the  the first factor of world war is the killing of Frank Ferdinand prince in Serevo at june 1914, but, do you know there are many causes cause this war in many years before. Surly, since 1870 in Europe happened cold war was caused by arms competition between the all oppositions, and competition of imperialism outer Europe. I explain the factor of first world war, because the second world war was continuation of first war. Globally, the causes of second world war are in following:

A.    Excessively of  nationalism attitude  
Many years before second world war erupted, happened in Europe something was called spirit of tribal. In this case, the biggest power traid to unite all of him nations to establish one big country. the aims are for establishing a big power and dignity above all countries.
This phenomena we can find in the emerging of Pan Germanism, the sect who want to unite all of Aria tribe under the Gemany. The aim was to opposite Russia who expanded his power into Balkan. In other side, Russia also made the opposition like Germany with establishing “Pan Slavism”. This competitios was not just competition. Both of them was already for going into war. Like Germany and Russia, Italy also had ambition to gather his tribes, he established the Italia Irredenta.

B.     European countries divided  into many oppositions already to war
In 1871, happened a war between Germany and French but won by Germany. With this glory beside Germany, he colonized Alzas and Lorin from French. With this winning. Germany had a big position in all European countries. In other side, French attacked italy that  caused by the greed of French into Tunis what colonized by French. In other side, French also attacked into England caused by imperialism territorial in north Africa.
Until 1908, the European countries was divided into two big coalitions already to war. They are; Triple Entente by England, French and Russia and Triple Alliance by Germany, Austria and Italy.
Actually, there are many causes cause the second world war except two above. They are: arms competition, nothing peace agreement between all oppositions, bit i will not explain in this page.

Is Napoleon Moslem ?

Is the Napoleon A Moslem ?, this question is difficult to be answered. I’m not sure to say that Napoleon a Moslem, but we will find some evidences proved that he very wonder about Islam. There is a history recount that Napoleon was be Moslem in 1798, that year which Napoleon conquered Egypt. After he become a Moslem, he changed his name Ali Napoleon. 

Bonaparte

After come back to French, Napoleon made a constitution, it’s name was “Napoleon Qanun”, the constitution of Napoleon. this constitution was the first civil constitution in Europe. Do you know what’s teachings have inspirited Napoleon to make this law ?. This constitution had inspirited by Islamic law. This constitution was contained by 96% of Islamic law, from the book of Imam Kholil El-Maliki

Napoleon had smart brain, he often quest about the teachings of Christian. According to him, the Cristian constitution is not logic. One of Christian teachings where not logic according to him is: Jesus is God. He did not believe that Jesus is God, because he was human. How can Jesus be a God even though he was the ancestry of Dawood, and Dawood surly more bigger than him ? this question that made Napoleon doubt about Christian teachings. The other side, in Christian teachings that made him doubt, about the case that say: “the earth is the center of solar system”. Napoleon is a man with ability in geography and science, so that sentences surly made him very doubt.
Napoleon saw that teachings in Islamic law is very logic, personally he like Islam and often read teh Qoran. When he arrived in Egypt, he met a lot of ulama’ immedietely. One of that ulama’ is syeikh Abdullah Syarkowi.

Syeikh Al-Azhar, Abdullah Syarqowi

The news about Napoleon who become a Moslem was sentenced in French daily “Le Moniteur Universel”. That news said that Napoleon become a Moslem in 1798. Tha news also sentenced in a book “Satanic Voices-Ancient and modern by David Musa Pidcock, in 61st page. In that book, Pidcock said that Napoleon changed his name become Ali Napoleon after become a Muslim.
After his returning from Egypt in 1802, Napoleon Bonapart made a civil constitution where be known as “Napoleon Qanun”. He writen about 96% of Maliki’s Syaria in this constitution, said by Cristian Servils. This constitution applied in French and all states under Napoleon conquer. the quotes below are some Napoleon criticm into Christian teaching:

“I read the Bible, Moses was smart man, and Jewish are brock, coward and evil. Is there more coward than she story of Prophet Luth and his daughter? “

“Sains proved to us that the earth is not the center of solar system,,,,”
“All religions was based by with miracles, but the trinity teachings was difficult to be understood. Jesus called him self a God even though he was the son of Dawood. I more love the religion by (prophet) Muhammad. Islam is far away from all difficulties in our religion (Christian): the Turkish nations called us the worshiper of stones”

After all of that, the quotes below where shake Europe that day:

“with all confidence i say to you all in all opportunities, i have to say clearly in all my speech that i am a Moslem, and i honor the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and i love all Moslems.”

"In the name (of) Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful. I testify that there is no God except ALLAH. Allah have no son, He manages all of His creatures with no companion “

How do Al-Azhar progress from a mosque to university ?

The majority of monumental buildings existing until today attained their grandiose status during or soon after their inception. Rarely is a complex that was built for the sake of convenience transformed into a learning center of great reverence. Al-Azhar is one suchexception. The transformation of al-Azhar mosque-madrasa complex into Al-Azhar Mosque and University in the eighteenth century was a result of a long era of reconstructions andadditions that peaked during the fourteenth century Mamluk occupation of Cairo. We studythis pre- and post-eighteenth century history of al-Azhar to gain an understanding of the transformation of a mosque made for matters of convenience into one of the Muslim world’s greatest centers of learning.
 

                                                   Al-Azhar university building in Nasr City
 
The birth of Al-Azhar:When Jawhar al-Siqilli planned for the construction of al-Qahira, he drew plans to construct a new large mosque intended to be the centre of prayers for his master al-Mu'iz and his Maghrebite followers. This mosque was first known as Jami' al-Qahira (The mosque of Cairo). It had one minaret and occupied half the area occupied by the present day al-Azhar mosque.
The name, Jami' al-Qahira, remained for most of the Fatimid rule of Egypt. It is not known when the name was changed to al-Azhar and even historians differ to the cause of calling it al-Azhar. While some historians attribute the name to the remembrance to Fatima al-Zahra' [RAA] (the prophet's [PBUH] daughter), others mention that the mosque was built amidst a number of palaces known as al-Qusur al-Zahira and that the name Azhar was drawn from that name.

                                                             Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo

Since its establishment al-Azhar was the mosque in which main Friday prayers was conducted, and inhabitants of other nearby towns, Misr (al-Askar and al-Fustat combined) and al-Qatai', had to flock every Friday to al-Qahira to attend the Friday prayers and listen to the Khutba (The ritual mass addressing preceding the prayers) of the Fatimid Caliph.
The form of the Adhan (The call for prayers) and Khutba in al-Azhar, during the Fatimid era, followed the Shiite model. The mosque remained the official mosque of the Fatimid state for fourty years until the construction of Jami' al-Hakim (al-Hakim's mosque) during the reign of the Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim bi Amr Allah.
al-Azhar was also the centre of several celebrations of the Fatimids like the celebration of the prophet's [PBUH] birthday.
Al-Azhar University: the world’s oldest University and Islam’s seat of learning
Al-Azhar University is a natural expansion of the great mosque of Al-Azhar, the oldest and most celebrated of all Islamic academic institutes and Universities all over the world without exception. For over one thousand year Al-Azhar was venerated cultural centre for all Muslims in the East and West. Al-Azhar's educational policy is governed and oriented by the following basic guide lines and principles : The University of Al-Azhar is opened for all Muslim students who wish to study a particular academic discipline or to further and deepen their knowledge of Islamic Religion. The University of Al-Azhar is always attempting to create a kind of intellectual unity between Muslims everywhere in the Islamic world, it also works hard to cement and strengthen their relationship and sharpen their loyalty to the Islamic faith. In all its curriculum and scholarly activities the University is concerned with everything that can strengthen the spiritual ties of Islam, and revive the national sense of pride among its people.

                                                     Al-Azhar Grand Syaikh Ahmad Thoyyib

The University is also keen to remain a guiding light for Islam and stronghold for the Arab nation, inculcating the Islamic teaching in the hearts and minds of Muslims, safeguarding its language, serving its objectives and aims, reforming its cultural heritage, and illuminating it for the benefit of mankind. Thus the University can perform the great task that Al-Azhar took upon itself throughout the ages.
The University of Al-Azhar aims to provide Egypt and the Arabic and Islamic world with scholars and experts, well equipped with Islamic culture and moral, and well prepared to serve their societies, and play their role in building up their countries on faith and scientific basis .
To prepare a stock of leading and highly qualified academicians and scientists for the coming generation in all branches of knowledge and experience required for life in its spiritual and material sides. To achieve this goal the university supports the higher studies, creating a new area of different specializations, providing scholarships in various walks of life to have the best experiences for the interest of Egypt and all Muslims in the entire Muslim world.
To keep an open eye on the scientific activities and benefit from them, and to contribute towards scientific progress and development through establishing and enforcing academic relations between Al-Azhar University and the Universities of the entire world.
It is also required to have such relations with research foundations and all other academic and scientific centres and to exchange academic visits with other universities, inviting the best of scholars in their fields to deliver lectures, conduct research in all different specializations. The university of Al-Azhar sends some of its members of staff from time to time, to catch up with the most recent, and up to date discoveries and developments in all the different scientific and academic fields and various research activities.